Dizziness or lightheadedness
Syncope or presyncope
Orthostatic symptoms
Palpitations
Unexplained or disproportionate tachycardia
Blood-pressure instability
Exercise intolerance
Fatigue
Symptoms that persist despite an otherwise extensive cardiovascular evaluation

Symptoms appear disproportionate to conventional findings
Orthostatic symptoms are prominent
Syncope or presyncope remains unexplained
Tachycardia does not have an obvious explanation
The patient reports significant exercise intolerance
Symptoms persist after an extensive cardiac evaluation
A clinician wants additional quantitative information about autonomic function
Longitudinal autonomic measurements may be clinically useful
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